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According to the classification of lamps recommended by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) (indoor lighting)
According to the recommendations of the International Commission on Illumination (CIE), lamps are divided into five categories according to the proportion of luminous flux in the upper and lower spaces: direct type, semi-direct type, and fully diffused type (including direct type with little light in the horizontal direction).
indirect-indirect), semi-indirect and indirect.
(1) Direct type luminaires
Most of the luminous flux (90-100%) of such lamps is directly projected below, so the utilization rate of the luminous flux of the lamps is the highest.
(2) Semi-direct luminaires
Most of the luminous flux (60-90%) of this type of lamps shoots into the lower hemisphere space, and a small part shoots upward, and the upward component will reduce the hardness of the shadow produced by the lighting environment and improve its various appearances.
(3) Diffuse or direct-indirect luminaires
The luminous flux of the lamps up and down is almost the same (40%-60% each).
The most common is the opalescent glass spherical lampshade, and other closed lampshades of various shapes that diffuse light have similar light distribution. This luminaire casts light evenly in all directions, so the luminous flux utilizes
rate is lower.
(4) Semi-indirect luminaires
The downward luminous flux of lamps accounts for 10%-40%, and its downward component is often only used to generate brightness commensurate with the ceiling. Excessive or improper distribution of this component will also cause some defects such as direct or indirect glare.
A translucent cover with an upper opening falls into this category. They are mainly used as architectural decorative lighting. Since most of the light is cast to the ceiling and upper wall, the indirect light in the room is increased, and the light is softer.
and pleasant.
(5) Indirect lighting
A small portion of the light flux (below 10%) of the luminaire is downward. When the design is good, the entire ceiling becomes a lighting source to achieve a soft and shadow-free lighting effect.
To be properly arranged, direct glare and reflected glare are very small. The luminous flux utilization rate of such lamps is lower than the previous four.
·Classified by electric shock protection
For electrical safety, all live parts of lamps and lanterns must be isolated by insulating materials, etc. This kind of measures to protect the personal safety of lamps is called anti-shock protection. According to the protection method against electric shock, the lamp
The lamps can be divided into 0, Ι, Ⅱ and Ⅲ4 categories. The main performance and application of each type of lamps are described in detail in Table 1.
From the perspective of electrical safety, Class 0 lamps have the lowest safety level, Class I and II are higher, and Class III is the highest. Some countries have not allowed the production of Class 0 lamps, and China has no such regulations. in lighting design
When it is used, factors such as the environmental operating object, installation and use location of the use site should be comprehensively considered, and the appropriate type of lamps should be selected. Class III lamps should be used in places with harsh conditions of use or use methods.
Generally, Class I or Class II lamps can be used.
